Dollar’s Slump Erases Months Of Solid Gains

The dollar yesterday staged one of its biggest one-day drops against the euro and fell to a 13-year low against the Japanese yen as near-zero interest rates and the Federal Reserve’s plan to print vast sums of cash dilute the value of the greenback.

The drops dramatically accelerated the dollar’s reversal of fortune over the past three weeks after months of solid gains. The slide underscores the risks the Federal Reserve is taking to jump-start the U.S. economy through aggressive monetary policy.

On Monday, the Fed cut its target for the federal funds rate, at which banks lend to each other, from 1 percent to a target range of 0 percent to 0.25 percent, and effectively vowed to print as much money as it needs to try to pull the United States from a worsening recession.

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While that policy may ultimately aid an economic recovery, it is robbing the dollar of value as investors anticipate less interest on their dollar-denominated investments and more bills in circulation, making each one worth a bit less. In response, investors are dumping the dollar and buying up other currencies.

If the dollar’s fall is unchecked, it could jeopardize the long-term faith of foreign investors in the value of the American currency and could cause foreign investors to dump U.S. stocks and other assets, whose value would be worth less in euros or yen. The Dow Jones industrial average fell 1.1 percent yesterday.

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A sharp rise in the value of foreign currencies could slow economic recovery in Europe and Japan because it would make their exports more expensive in the United States. A steep, sustained fall in the dollar could force the Fed to abruptly raise interest rates to prop it up. That would drive up costs for the U.S. Treasury as it seeks to raise cash for bailouts by issuing billions of dollars worth of new debt to investors.

“The risk is that the deceleration of the dollar could cascade, and push interest rates up as the rest of the world demands a higher return on U.S. investments,” said C. Fred Bergsten, director of the Peterson Institute for International Economics.

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